{"id":3527,"date":"2024-06-22T03:05:17","date_gmt":"2024-06-22T10:05:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/losangeles1.one\/?p=3527"},"modified":"2024-06-22T03:05:20","modified_gmt":"2024-06-22T10:05:20","slug":"the-development-of-education-in-los-angeles-after-world-war-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/losangeles1.one\/en\/eternal\/the-development-of-education-in-los-angeles-after-world-war-ii-3527","title":{"rendered":"The development of education in Los Angeles after World War II"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Before the start of World War II in 1938, the Los Angeles School District had approximately 400 public schools, ranging from kindergartens to City College. However, World War II ushered in a huge series of changes for Los Angeles. California&#8217;s role after the war would be as important as during the war. Read more on <a href=\"https:\/\/losangeles1.one\/\">losangeles1.one<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The American Schools at War program was a program during World War II. The U.S. Treasury encouraged students to sell war stamps and bonds to help the military. The program was also administered by the U.S. Office of Education, a federal government agency that interacted with the nation&#8217;s school systems and its 32 million students. By the end of World War II, they had raised over $2 billion (equivalent to $34.6 billion in 2023). The post-war period became a time of educational development in Los Angeles. The number of newborns contributed to the building of schools and universities. Learn more about the <a href=\"https:\/\/layes.info\/uk\/eternal\/bytva-za-los-andzheles-u-drugu-svitovu-vijnu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Battle of Los Angeles in World War II<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_74 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a2e53c98e3b7\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a2e53c98e3b7\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/losangeles1.one\/en\/eternal\/the-development-of-education-in-los-angeles-after-world-war-ii-3527\/#The_baby_boom_influenced_the_development_of_education\" >The baby boom influenced the development of education<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/losangeles1.one\/en\/eternal\/the-development-of-education-in-los-angeles-after-world-war-ii-3527\/#The_child-oriented_school\" >The child-oriented school<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/losangeles1.one\/en\/eternal\/the-development-of-education-in-los-angeles-after-world-war-ii-3527\/#Education_reform\" >Education reform<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/losangeles1.one\/en\/eternal\/the-development-of-education-in-los-angeles-after-world-war-ii-3527\/#Supporting_veterans_and_the_military_in_the_field_of_education\" >Supporting veterans and the military in the field of education<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_baby_boom_influenced_the_development_of_education\"><\/span>The baby boom influenced the development of education<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>With the end of World War II, the United States turned its attention to the long-awaited postwar expansion. The scale of construction and population booms and their impact on the built environment have been well documented. Thus, a large amount of literature has been devoted to the severe housing crisis of the era and the numerous initiatives launched to address it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The acute shortage of school classes was less widely researched in the literature, but no less relevant at that time. Between 1949 and 1950, enrollment in US elementary and secondary schools was 25.1 million children. In one decade, that number has grown by nearly 50% to about 36 million. By 1971, it reached 46 million. In 1955, at the height of this boom, the editors of the Architectural Forum worried that enough children were born to fill another classroom every 15 minutes and they were already 250,000 classrooms behind. The growing population of America&#8217;s children has made the educational process a challenge since World War II. This growth was felt the most in California.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.losangeles1.one\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/51\/2024\/06\/1_ad_4nxdevcu8smmplqurg9rvp-yqsrukxqn3f_ciuzif1du-d2xloeysbltfychdk95e13pfilfxwh3qm4vz8ymadqlvi0fy8fq0rgueq7s02dxh5cwfkgmrcstzzv3gfi1dru1elx1qhdlbszsceh-_6kk82icgkey3968lsllpmm6d-db3ennfg.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Along with population growth came the need for more educational places, shopping areas and transportation facilities. Hundreds of miles of freeways and roads were built to accommodate the massive growth in housing and new types of post-industrial and technological industries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The booming birth rate was accompanied by a wave of immigration, as new settlers were attracted by established employment centers. Thus, the aerospace industry shifted operations to peacetime manufacturing. In Southern California, one city with particularly pronounced educational problems was Los Angeles. The post-war building boom turned miles of farmland into new residential communities, and the population and demands for schools became more expansive. School districts across the country have struggled to keep up with unprecedented demand and overcrowded classrooms. Among the challenges faced by school districts was not only the need for new schools, particularly in new suburban communities but also the need to repair and maintain existing schools and equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_child-oriented_school\"><\/span>The child-oriented school<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In this era, the functional, child-centered school, which appeared in experimental form in the late 1930s, became the norm. Newspapers and magazines in various fields, including architecture, engineering, building trades, education and school design, began to forward proposals for the ideal modern school. Organizations dedicated to this topic have also helped to standardize and disseminate these ideas. These included the American Institute of Architects Committee on Architecture for Education, the National Council on School Facilities, the American Association of School Administrators and the Society for Educational Planning. Magazines and guides proliferated with the latest ideas in school design, infrastructure and systems and how to meet demand in the most economical way. A new subgroup of architects specializing in school design also began to appear within the architectural profession. All architecture was supposed to be a place for children&#8217;s life. Everywhere the children and what they can do were to become the decoration of the structure. Each building should be a place of joy in life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.losangeles1.one\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/51\/2024\/06\/1_ad_4nxfwuabumriuvwbhckpdofnxwqnybelnc1wsunujpd0y6xheitmkpu1rbuouiufkibgvscg3wzzuqenuzdvvc3qodbnhm-zlhmb3_jey4nfyhsnpplifbl_tqods0qp3hxaegaaryjh4ofzfiyqtb5prykykey3968lsllpmm6d-db3ennfg.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>While some schools embraced change, including a postwar return to the American Colonial Revival, the tendency not only among contemporary architects but also among educators was to move beyond historical styles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Education_reform\"><\/span>Education reform<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The scale of educational work was huge. The war meant a sudden end to the usual type of education. The type of student in schools after the Second World War was very different from what teachers were used to. Instead of climbing the educational ladder each year, boys and girls older than their years filled the classrooms. Young people who got used to difficulties, developed initiative, got used to responsibility and returned to familiarity with global geography.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From the beginning of the 20th century, the Progressive Education Movement and national standardization have been a key element of change in the education industry. Designs available to architects, builders and schools proliferated in the post-war era.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The emphasis remained on designing schools around their functions and children&#8217;s education. With the psychological well-being of the student in mind, numerous studies have been devoted to optimal indoor conditions and controls, such as research into proper lighting, color schemes and surface reflectivity to boost morale and reduce fatigue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.losangeles1.one\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/51\/2024\/06\/1_ad_4nxfwdqiqidqsnvkydl0nm6qfmqdkbivzrvilmmd92oibkmohooydjb59fp3gwrguqb91xhkt7rce8jrqceu67l8gtqt8icqjqtmlsjnahfqt3pd-vtnv5pgzhxlrtjgfh083k2akvlbbnux4ot2-asr6ijlvkey3968lsllpmm6d-db3ennfg.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Supporting_veterans_and_the_military_in_the_field_of_education\"><\/span>Supporting veterans and the military in the field of education<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>On June 22, 1944, the decision to redeploy servicemen became law. The bill&#8217;s authors included home and farm loans, health care, education and training assistance and unemployment compensation. They were concerned about how millions of returning servicemen would affect the postwar economy and were careful not to repeat the mistakes of veterans policy after World War I. One beneficiary of the law was California&#8217;s colleges and universities, which experienced significant increases in enrollment and the creation of several new campuses across the state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.losangeles1.one\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/51\/2024\/06\/1_ad_4nxcmfp_-29wf311z5yfsrz4km0zsfm_xwsns3v1zmutgtdwebmyw1qyrclvp3d1wyxygkzyl_1fpxzqpaa8qozqryuswfniibr9tqb1_u6nj0jvmn69llf7g6jm8hsciyy9mqh0ybh2hw6z3ojrgybw1djsjkey3968lsllpmm6d-db3ennfg.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Even after World War II, students continued to be encouraged to sell war stamps and bonds. As a further incentive, any school with at least 90% of its students purchasing a military stamp each month was eligible to fly a special Minutemen flag. This flag depicted the silhouette of the Minutemen and thirteen blue stars on a white field. The idea for this flag originated in the Los Angeles School District. It was adopted and rolled out across the country. After the school principal certified that the school met the requirements, the school was allowed to fly the flag. The first rise was often at an assembly with patriotic music and a summary of the school&#8217;s achievements. Only a few thousand schools received the right to raise the flag.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Before the start of World War II in 1938, the Los Angeles School District had approximately 400 public schools, ranging from kindergartens to City College. However, World War II ushered in a huge series of changes for Los Angeles. California&#8217;s role after the war would be as important as during the war. Read more on [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":324,"featured_media":3228,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1166],"tags":[3001,2996,2994,3005,3004,3002,2993,2997,2999,3003,2995,2992,2998,3000],"moimportance":[78,81],"motype":[1158],"moformat":[93],"class_list":{"0":"post-3527","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","8":"tag-along-with-population-growth-came-the-need-for-more-educational-places","9":"tag-education-and-training-assistance-and-unemployment-compensation","10":"tag-health-care","11":"tag-infrastructure-and-systems-and-how-to-meet-demand-in-the-most-economical-way","12":"tag-magazines-and-guides-proliferated-with-the-latest-ideas-in-school-design","13":"tag-shopping-areas-and-transportation-facilities","14":"tag-supporting-veterans-and-the-military-in-the-field-of-education","15":"tag-the-american-schools-at-war-program-was-a-program-during-world-war-ii","16":"tag-the-baby-boom-influenced-the-development-of-education","17":"tag-the-child-oriented-school","18":"tag-the-decision-to-redeploy-servicemen-became-law-the-bills-authors-included-home-and-farm-loans","19":"tag-the-development-of-education-in-los-angeles-after-world-war-ii","20":"tag-the-post-war-period-became-a-time-of-educational-development-in-los-angeles","21":"tag-the-scale-of-construction-and-population-booms","22":"moimportance-golovna-novina","23":"moimportance-retranslyacziya-v-agregatori","24":"motype-eternal","25":"moformat-longrid-korotka"},"modified_by":"Inna Hananova","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/losangeles1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3527","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/losangeles1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/losangeles1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/losangeles1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/324"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/losangeles1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3527"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/losangeles1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3527\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3528,"href":"https:\/\/losangeles1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3527\/revisions\/3528"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/losangeles1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3228"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/losangeles1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3527"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/losangeles1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3527"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/losangeles1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3527"},{"taxonomy":"moimportance","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/losangeles1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/moimportance?post=3527"},{"taxonomy":"motype","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/losangeles1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/motype?post=3527"},{"taxonomy":"moformat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/losangeles1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/moformat?post=3527"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}